The trip to Asia by King Salman bin Abdulaziz is believed to expand the already strong trading relationships between Saudi Arabia and Asia. With new investment deals in Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan and China, Saudi Arabia is hoping to strengthen the trade ties and its presence in Asia through other means than just oil.
In 2016, Asia overtook the EU to be largest trading partner with the Gulf Cooperation Council. In Japan, 83% of its oil is imported from the Gulf. This recent visit to Japan was also to get Saudi Aramco listed on Tokyo Stock Exchange. Both countries have enjoyed great diplomatic ties for many years.
China has recently become the world’s biggest energy consumer as well as the second largest importer of crude. Such huge energy market is certainly attractive to Saudi Arabia, as King Salman just signed a $65b worth of deals with China. The deals range from energy to manufacturing, which signals a strong relationship between these two countries.
The first visit to Indonesia by Saudi monarch in 47 years, was to seal a $6b investment deal between Saudi Aramco and Pertamina. While the visit to Malaysia was to ink a $7b deal between Saudi Aramco and Petroalim Nasional, involving development of oil refinery and crude import.
サウジアラビア、石油取引を超えたアジアとの関係構築へ
サウジアラビア国王キル・サルマン・ビン・アブドゥラジズのアジア訪問は、サウジアラビアとアジアの間の既に強力な取引関係を強化するための慣例か、あるいは米国との関係を多様化する努力か、またはサウジアラビアへの投資誘致のための 策か。実は、これらの全てが重要視されています。
サウジアラビアの石油輸出の約3分の2はアジア向けのものです。 サウジアラビアは、マレーシア、インドネシア、日本、中国との投資取引を開始することにより、アジアにおける相互主義とプレゼンスを発揮したいと考えています。サウジアラビアとアジアのパートナーシップは過去10年間で重要性を増しており、2016年にアジアが湾岸協力理事会との最大の貿易相手国になった頃からこのような傾向が顕著です。
サウジアラビアと日本との間には深い関係性が存在し、日本は石油の83％をペルシャ湾から輸入しており、サウジアラビアから供給される石油の3分の1以上を占めています。両国は、1938年のサウジアラビアの特使が東京にモスクを開くために国を訪れた時から、優れた外交関係を継続。トヨタランドクルーザーは、サウジアラビアで最も売れ行きのある、そして最も有名なSUVであり、トヨタ自動車は、同国で特定の車両を生産するためのフィージビリティスタディを開始するように以来されているほどです。
加えて、世界市場における中国の役割と影響は、サウジアラビアにとって大きな魅力でしょう。世界最大のエネルギー消費国であり、米国に次ぐ第2位の原油輸入国。日本と同じように、中国はエネルギー源を確保する必要性に駆られています。これにより、サウジアラビアは、ロシアとの競争激化の中、アジアでの市場プレゼンスを固める機会を得ることができます。
かといって、これらはサウジアラビアが以前から関係を築いてきた各国を無視しているというわけではない点も注目されるべきでしょう。サルマン国王が中国を訪れた際、モハメド・ビン・サルマン皇太子は、ドナルド・トランプ大統領と会うべく短期間、米国を訪れています。
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